Reviews Retatrutide

Sources

The complete reference list — every claim in this dossier, cited to its source.

Primary trials and structural studies

All citations are numbered to match inline references [1]–[14] throughout this site. DOI links are canonical; PubMed URLs are provided where available.

Review articles and systematic reviews

Citations [6]–[11] cover narrative reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses cited in the mechanism, Phase 3 open-questions, and recent-literature sections. Citations [12]–[14] are the 2026 network meta-analysis studies central to the liver-MASLD lens of this dossier.

  1. Jastreboff AM, et al. Triple-Hormone-Receptor Agonist Retatrutide for Obesity — A Phase 2 Trial. N Engl J Med. 2023;389(6):514-526. ↗
  2. Rosenstock J, et al. Retatrutide, a GIP, GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist, for people with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind, placebo and active-controlled, parallel-group, phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2023;402(10401):529-544. ↗
  3. Li W, Zhou Q, Cong Z, et al. Structural insights into the triple agonism at GLP-1R, GIPR and GCGR manifested by retatrutide. Cell Discovery. 2024;10:77. ↗
  4. Urva S, Coskun T, Loh MT, et al. LY3437943, a novel triple GIP, GLP-1, and glucagon receptor agonist in people with type 2 diabetes: a phase 1b, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, multiple-ascending dose trial. Lancet. 2022;400:1869-1881. ↗
  5. Sanyal AJ, Kaplan LM, Frias JP, et al. Triple hormone receptor agonist retatrutide for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: a randomized phase 2a trial. Nature Medicine. 2024;30:2037-2048. ↗
  6. Katsi V, Koutsopoulos G, Fragoulis C, Dimitriadis K, Tsioufis K. Retatrutide — A Game Changer in Obesity Pharmacotherapy. Biomolecules. 2025;15:796. ↗
  7. Neff GW, et al. Shared mechanistic pathways of glucagon signalling: Unlocking its potential for treating obesity, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease, and other cardio-kidney-metabolic conditions. Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism. 2025;27(12):6869-6883. ↗
  8. Concepción-Zavaleta MJ, et al. Efficacy and safety of anti-obesity drugs in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: An updated review. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2025;31(37):111435. ↗
  9. Moiz A, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for Weight Loss Among Adults Without Diabetes: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2025;178(2):199-217. ↗
  10. Zhou Q, et al. Weight Loss Blockbuster Development: A Role for Unimolecular Polypharmacology. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. 2025;65(1):191-213. ↗
  11. Nicze M, et al. Resistant and Refractory Obesity: The Complexity of Anti-Obesity Therapy Failure. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2026;27(6):2539. ↗
  12. Andonie CR, et al. Comparative Analysis of Glucagon Receptor Agonists vs. Resmetirom in MASLD and MASH: Network Meta-Analysis of Clinical Trials. Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism. 2026. ↗
  13. Lu X, et al. Glucagon-like peptide-1 and dual/triple receptor agonists in the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: advances in mechanistic research. Frontiers in Medicine. 2026. ↗
  14. Abulehia A, et al. Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Glucagon Receptor Agonists on Metabolic Outcomes: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials. Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism. 2026. ↗